Real-world impact of comparative effectiveness research findings on clinical practice.

Objectives Unprecedented funding for comparative effectiveness research (CER) to help provide better evidence for decision making as a way to lower costs and improve quality is under way. Yet how research findings are adopted and applied will impact the nation's return on this investment, We examine the relationship between the publication of findings from 4 seminal CER trials, the release of subsequent clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and utilization trends for associated surgical interventions, diagnostic interventions, or medications. Study Design Retrospective, observational study. Methods Using a large national administrative claims database, we examined time series utilization trends before and after publication of findings from 4 CER trials published within the last decade. Results We found no clear pattern of utilization in the first 4 quarters after publication. However, we found that results for 2 of the studies were in concert with the release of CPGs and publication of study results. The trend in intensive statin therapy rose rapidly starting at the end of 2007, while the trend in standard therapy remained relatively constant (PROVE-IT). And, 9 months after trial publication, breast magnetic resolution imaging (MRI) utilization rates rose 43.2%, from 0.033 to 0.048 per 100 enrollees (Mammography With MRI). Conclusions Our analysis of 4 case studies supports the call others have made to translate and disseminate CER findings to improve application of research findings to clinical practice and the need for continued development and dissemination of CPGs that serve to synthesize research findings and guide practitioners in clinical decision making. Further research is needed to determine whether these findings apply to different medical topics.