The Transcription Factor FOXA2 Suppresses Gastric Tumorigenesis In Vitro and In Vivo

Background and Aims The transcription factor forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) plays a central role in the development of endoderm-derived organs. It has been reported that FOXA2 acts as a suppressor in many kinds of tumor. However, little is known about the role of FOXA2 in gastric cancer. Methods The expression of FOXA2 in gastric cancer tissue samples from 89 patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the clinicopathological characteristics of the samples were analyzed. The human gastric cancer cell line, BGC-823, was used to investigate the effects of FOXA2 in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo and the potential mechanism involved was explored. Results FOXA2 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines and human gastric cancer tissues was lower compared with the normal gastric epithelium cell line GES1 and normal adult gastric tissues, respectively. Patients with high FOXA2 expression level had longer 5-year overall survival than those with low FOXA2 expression level. FOXA2 markedly inhibited growth of BGC-823 cells accompanied with the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Infection of BGC-823 cells by FOXA2 lentivirus resulted in reduced cell tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, expression of Mucin 5AC was up-regulated along with increased expression of exogenous FOXA2 in BGC-823 cells; in contrast, dedifferentiation markers, BMI, CD54 and CD24, were down-regulated. Conclusions These results suggest that FOXA2 induces the differentiation of gastric cancer and highlight FOXA2 as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for human gastric cancer.