Aerobic exercise effects on neuroprotection and brain repair following stroke: a systematic review and perspective.

•Exercise 24–48h post-stroke reduced lesion volume more than later onset exercise.•Post-stroke exercise effects on the older brain and in the long term are not known.•Moderate intensity is most effective in reducing lesion volume.•Moderate intensity exercise decreases inflammation and increases neurogenesis.•Higher intensity exercise increases angiogenesis in perilesional area and striatum.