Carotid-subclavian bypass for brachiocephalic occlusive disease. Choice of conduit and long-term follow-up.

The outflow vessel does not affect long-term patency in carotid and subclavian bypass procedures; however, patients with common carotid disease demonstrate significantly poorer long-term survival. Transposition results in superior long-term patency, with a trend toward lower results for synthetic grafts and relatively poor results for autogenous vein grafts.