Hyperglycemia induces embryopathy, even in the absence of systemic maternal diabetes: an in vivo test of the fuel mediated teratogenesis hypothesis.

•Glucose was infused into the left uterine artery on gestational days 7–9.•Mothers, and thus the right uterine horn blood supply, had normal glucoses.•Embryopathy was significantly elevated only among the left uterine embryos.•Thus, systemic hyperglycemia is not necessary for diabetic embryopathy.•This new approach separates local from systemic embryopathic actions.