Apoptosis induced by microwave radiation in pancreatic cancer JF305 cells.

New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the survival rate from pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal human malignancies. In this study, JF305 cells were treated with microwaves at doses of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 mW/cm(2) for 20 min. The inhibition of JF305 cell proliferation was tested using the MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were detected with Hoechst 33258 staining and a Nucleo-Counter NC-3000. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was examined with Western blot. The results showed that microwaves inhibited the growth of JF305 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and caused morphological changes in apoptotic body formation. The percentages of apoptosis detected using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were 4.0%, 10.0%, 12.0%, and 30.0% with the dosage of microwave (0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mW/cm(2)), respectively. Treatment with microwaves increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, and up-regulated the expression of Bax and CytoC. In addition, the expression level of p65 was increased whereas the level of I kappa B alpha down-regulated. Those results suggest that microwaves inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in JF305 cells through an NF-kappa B-regulated mitochondria-mediated pathway.