Effects of n-butylparaben on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through changed E₂ levels in male rat offspring.

•We investigated the adverse effects exposure to n-BP in utero and during lactation period.•The results showed male reproductive toxicity by n-BP exposure with NOAEL 160mg/kg/day.•Serum testosterone and estradiol (E2) were significantly changed in male offspring.•First study that reports increased E2 levels in male rats following n-BP exposure.•E2 levels may be considered as biomarkers for some endocrine disrupting chemicals.