Irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, exhibits metabolic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in patients with high-risk hypertension

Irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), acts as a selective PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) modulator, and thus may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, as well as beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. We enrolled 118 high-risk hypertensive outpatients, defined as those with the presence of at least one complication such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease or diabetes, and who were receiving any ARB except for irbesartan (67±10 years, 80% male subjects). After a 4-week control period, all ARBs were switched to an equivalent dose of irbesartan. We evaluated changes in lipid parameters, inflammatory markers and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) as an oxidative stress index. After 12 weeks of irbesartan, there were significant decreases in triglycerides (138±73 versus 123±65 mg dl −1 , P <0.05), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (2.80±0.53 versus 2.66±0.50, log (ng ml −1 ), P <0.05) and d-ROMs (338±74 versus 305±62 U.CARR, P <0.001). There were significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (50±13 versus 52±14 mg dl −1 , P <0.01) and adiponectin (9.4±6.2 versus 16.6±13.4 ng ml −1 , P <0.05). There were no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The change in d-ROMs from baseline to 12 weeks was positively correlated with the change in hs-CRP ( R =0.34, P <0.01). Irbesartan appears to exert beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism and metabolic syndrome, indicating that it may be useful in high-risk hypertensive patients.