Reference values for 42 trace elements in biological fluids (database RE-VA)]

The increasing use of multi-elementary techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), possibly in combination with dynamic reaction cell or other device, has greatly simplified the determination of trace elements in serum or plasma, whole blood and urine, even resorting to a phase of mineralization of the sample with microwave and teflon pressurized containers. This has made it necessary, however, an accurate control of interference, particularly polyatomic, using when possible, high-resolution ICP-MS, ICP-OES and ETA-AAS with electrothermal atomization. RE-VA study involved 162 subjects and has made available the reference values or background values for 42 elements in the matrix above. Physiological variables, life habits and food were also investigated. The aim is to implement the series through the sampling and analysis of similar types of samples in other Italian regions and countries in Europe and beyond. The data obtained allow to focus any inconsistencies for specific analytes and matrices, in order to identify critical variable attributable to both analytical and pre-analytical factors. For elements such as W, Ba, Cs, Pt, RE-VA study has revealed significant differences compared to other studies, and this is most likely to report high analytical sensitivity of DRC-ICP-MS as confirmed by comparative studies with Sector Field ICP-MS which provided matching values. It is also discussed the limitation of the use of VR for studies aimed at population groups living in industrial areas or where there are landfills, coal power plants and thermo incinerators.