Evaluation of atherosclerosis in renal transplanted patients by non-invasive methods.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction can be considered an early atherogenic event. Objective: To assess atherosclerosis in renal transplanted patients through the coronary calcium score, carotid duplex scan and brachial reactivity through ultrasonography. Methods: We assessed 30 renal transplanted male patients with stable renal function, with a mean age of 41.3 years. Results: The detection of the atherosclerotic load in this population was very significant when the brachial reactivity technique was used (86.7%); it was less frequent when based on the presence of carotid plaque (33.3%) or the coronary calcium score (20%). The carotid plaque was considered when the thickness was > 12 mm. The coronary calcium score was abnormal when > 80 according to the Agatston scale, being observed in a low percentage of patients (21.7%), possibly due to the fact that the tomography is not the ideal method to detect atherosclerosis in renal patients, as it does not differentiates intimal calcifications of the medial layer. The adequate clinical control, the low age range and the factors related to the time of pre-transplant dialysis or the anti-inflammatory effect of the post-transplant drugs can delay the onset of the calcifications. Conclusion: The evaluation of the atherosclerotic load through the carotid duplex scan (33,3%) and the coronary calcium score (20%) was not frequent; there was no correlation with the high rate of endothelial dysfunction detection observed with the brachial reactivity assessment (86.7%). (Arq Bras Cardiol 2009; 92(5):339-344)