Species-specific challenges in dog cloning.

Contents Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is now an established procedure used in cloning of several species. SCNT in dogs involves multiple steps including the removal of the nuclear material, injection of a donor cell, fusion, activation of the reconstructed oocytes and finally transfer to a synchronized female recipient. There are therefore many factors that contribute to cloning efficiency. By performing a retrospective analysis of 20052012 published papers regarding dog cloning, we define the optimum procedure and summarize the specific feature for dog cloning.