Clinical Evaluation of Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of a Third-Generation Thermal Uterine Balloon Therapy System for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Study Objectives To estimate the incidence of amenorrhea at 36 months after treatment using a third-generation thermal uterine balloon therapy (UBT) system and to compare it with the first-generation UBT system. The secondary objective was to estimate the effect of post-procedure curettage on patient outcomes at 36 months after endometrial ablation. Design Multicenter controlled study (Canadian Task Force classification I). Setting Thirteen hospitals: 12 in the United States and 1 in Mexico. Patients Two-hundred fifty premenopausal women aged at least 30 years with heavy menstrual bleeding not responsive to previous medical therapy for at least 3 months. Intervention After treatment with a third-generation thermal UBT system, patients were randomly assigned to receive post-procedure curettage (PPC) or no PPC. Measurements and Main Results Amenorrhea was estimated at 12 months using individual success defined by a pictorial blood loss assessment chart score of 0, and at 24- and 36-month follow-up by patient response of amenorrhea on a 5-point scale (amenorrhea, spotting, and light, normal, or excessive bleeding). In the intention-to-treat population, at 36 months after ablation, the amenorrhea rate was 26.8% with the third-generation UBT system, and 13.0% with the first-generation UBT system. Results by assigned intervention were 29.8% in the no PPC group vs 23.8% in the PPC group. Conclusion At extended 36-month follow-up, results were similar to the previously reported results at 1 year using prospectively defined matched-pair analysis, and demonstrated superiority in treating amenorrhea using the third-generation UBT system vs the first-generation UBT system.