Do stimulus--action associations contribute to repetition priming?

Despite evidence that response learning makes a major contribution to repetition priming, the involvement of response representations at the level of motor actions remains uncertain. Levels of response representation were investigated in 4 experiments that used different tasks at priming and test. Priming for stimuli that required congruent responses across 2 tasks was compared with that for stimuli requiring incongruent responses. Congruent responses showed more priming than incongruent responses did when congruence involved both decisions and actions (Experiment 1), decisions only (Experiment 2), and actions only (Experiment 4) but not when decision and action congruence were set in opposition (Experiment 3). These results demonstrate response learning with response representations at the level of both decisions and actions.