Adherence to international and national recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections in Italy: results from an observational prospective study in elective surgery.

Background: An observational prospective study of the perioperative procedures for prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) was carried out in a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Liguria, Italy, to evaluate their adherence to international and national standards. Methods: A 1-month survey was performed in all surgical departments, monitored by turns by trained survey teams. Data regarding presurgical patient preparation and intraoperative infection control practices were collected. Results: A total of 717 elective interventions were actively monitored in 703 patients who underwent surgery. Hair-shaving was performed mainly using a razor (92%) by the nurses (72.8%) on the day before the operation (83.5%). All of the patients showered, either with a common detergent (87%) or with an antiseptic solution (13%). Antimicrobial prophylaxis was administered properly in 75.7% of the patients at induction of anaesthesia; however, according to current Italian guidelines, inappropriate prophylaxis was provided in 55.2% patients. Appropriate antisepsis of the incision area was done in 97.4% of the operations, and nearly 90% of the interventions lasted less than the respective 75th percentile. The doors of the operating theatres were mostly open during the duration of the operation in 36.3% of the cases. Conclusions: This review of infection control policies identified significant opportunities for improving the safety and the quality of routine surgical practice. Copyright (C) 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.