Lack of MHC-G4 and soluble (G5, G6) isoforms in the higher primates, Pongidae.

HLA-G is a class Ib (nonclassical) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein expressed at the materno-fetal interface that may inhibit natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis in an allotype-independent manner. The human MHC-G transcript is differentially spliced, giving rise to at least six different forms. In order to study the evolutionary importance of this phenomenon, the presence of alternative splicing in MHC-G mRNA molecules from Pongidae (Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and Orangutan) has been investigated in the present work, and three alternative spliced isoforms (i.e.: G1, G2, and G3) have been found, but not the G4 and the soluble G5 and G6 ones. In addition, a novel MHC-G isoform is described in Gorilla, "G2 short." This molecule is similar to the G2 isoform, but it lacks 29 amino acids normally encoded by exon 4. Our findings suggest that soluble isoforms are not necessary for MHC-G function(s) in Pongidae or that MHC-G is not a functional protein, because G1 is not necessary for survival in humans and Cercopithecinae bear stop codons in MHC-G exon 3.