Betulinic Acid, the first lupane-type triterpenoid isolated via bioactivity-guided fractionation, and identified by spectroscopic analysis from leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: its potential biological activities in vitro assays

Betulinic acid was first time isolated via bioactivity-guided fractionation from ethyl acetate extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Its structure was established by FTIR, 1H and 13C- nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. It had shown excellent inhibition of anti-inflammatory properties with IC50 of 10.34 μg/mL (COX-1), 12.92 μg/mL (COX-2), 15.53 μg/mL (5-LOX), 15.21 μg/mL (Nitrite), 16.65 μg/mL (TNF-α), and also exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC50 of 18.03 μg/mL. The anticancer activity of betulinic acid was evaluated against different human cancer cell lines. It showed significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines with an IC50 of 6.53 (HepG2), 9.34 (A549), 14.92 (HL-60), 16.90 (MCF-7), 17.07 (HCT-116), 13.27 (PC-3), and 12.55μm (HeLa). This is the first report on isolation and identification of the unreported lupane-type triterpenoid, betulinic acid from leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, which showed potent anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activity in vitro assays.