Phase II, multicenter, uncontrolled trial of single-agent capecitabine in patients with non-clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Although significant progress has been made for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC), very little progress has been achieved for non-clear cell MRCC. Thus, we performed a phase II, multicenter trial of capecitabine in patients with non-clear cell MRCC. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with MRCC containing <50% of clear cells were eligible. All patients received oral capecitabine (1,250 mg/m(2)) twice daily for 14 days, followed by 14 days of rest. Primary end point was objective response rate. On the basis of Chen and Ng 2-stage accrual design, maximum planned enrollment was 51 patients. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01182142. Results: Fifty-one patients enrolled between February 2006 and January 2009. Most patients were men (72.5%), who had papillary RCC (76.5%), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center intermediate prognosis (86%), and had not been treated earlier (92%). The objective response rate was 26%. Two patients (4%) had a complete response. Stable disease was achieved in 24 (47%) patients. The median progression-free survival was 10.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.7-11.5], and overall survival was 18.3 months (95% CI, 15.5-21.1). The 1-year overall survival was 71% (95% CI, 63%-79%). Major grades 3 to 4, treatment-related toxicities included diarrhea (2%), esophageal mucosal inflammation (2%), hand-foot syndrome (4%), thrombocytopenia (9.8%), and neutropenia (8%). No patients were withdrawn because of laboratory abnormalities. Conclusions: Capecitabine has clinical activity in MRCC patients who have non-clear cell histology and a good or intermediate prognosis. Additional prospective randomized trial comparing capecitabine with placebo is required.