Risk factors for recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation.

Recurrent hepatitis C is a frequent complication after liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis, but risk factors related to its development remain ill defined, Twenty-three patients receiving a primary liver graft for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and with an assessable biopsy performed at least 6 months after liver transplantation were studied retrospectively. The end point of this study was to look for risk factors associated with the development of histologic hepatitis C in the graft, Thirty-six major variables were studied, and those reaching significance by univariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis, Eighteen patients (78%) developed posttransplant hepatitis C. On univariate analysis, six variables showed significant predictive value: increased immunosuppression for treatment of acute rejection; pretransplant hepatocellular carcinoma; cumulative doses of prednisone at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation; and mean blood trough levels of cyclosporine in the first 6 months posttransplantation, On multivariate analysis, two variables retained independent statistical significance as predictors of hepatitis C recurrence, namely receipt of antirejection therapy (P =.0087) and lower mean cyclosporine levels in the first 6 months after transplantation (P =.0134), Therefore, recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation seems to be at least partially related to posttransplantation immunosuppressive therapy. Copyright (C) 1998 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.