Impact of morbidity and mortality conferences (M & M) on continuing surgical education]

Morbidity and mortality conferences have been entitled the "golden hour" of surgical education. There is a long-standing tradition for these conferences in the USA and the United Kingdom. In Germany they are still not fully integrated in the daily clinical work although the positive influence on quality improvement, patient safety and surgical education has been repeatedly proven. Some factors are still hampering the establishment of M&M conferences: the lack of time, worrying about shame and blame and last not least some deficit for a culture of discussions. The commitment of surgeons in leading positions is required for the establishment and further support of these conferences. In addition to patient safety, one of the main goals is the continuing education of young surgeons. Structuring M&M conferences as well as an intelligent moderation by an experienced surgeon and lively, open and interactive discussions - all these factors are obviously of great importance for improving success in surgery.