Joostella atrarenae sp. nov., a novel member of the Flavobacteriaceae originating from the black sea sand of Jeju Island

Strain M1-2 T was isolated from the black sand from the seashore of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea and was classified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain M1-2 T appeared as Gram-negative, motile rods that could grow in the presence of 1–10% (w/v) NaCl and at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37°C. This isolate has catalase and oxidase activity and hydrolyses aesculin, DNA and l -tyrosine. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain M1-2 T belongs to the genus Joostella and is clearly distinct from the other described species of this genus, Joostella marina (type strain En5 T ). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity level between M1-2 T and J. marina En5 T is 97.2%, and the DNA–DNA relatedness value between the two strains is 23.9%. Strain M1-2 T contains MK-6 as the major menaquinone and iso-C 15:0 , summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C 15:0 2OH) and iso-C 17:0 3OH as major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G + C content is 32.3 mol%. These data suggest that strain M1-2 T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Joostella atrarenae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for the novel species is M1-2 T (= KCTC 23194 T = NCAIM B.002413 T ).