Wavelet analysis and finite difference modeling of multiple reflections in transmission lines

In the conducted radio frequency measurements one of the important constituents of the measurement uncertainty is the effect of the multiple reflections in the transmission path, even though in precision measurements the applied transmission lines, connectors, and other elements are carefully designed, the reflections can not be completely neglected. In the following study we have prepared cables with reflection points, excited them with periodical bursts of an incommensurable carrier sinusoidal signal and analyzed the time-domain signal at the other port of the cable by wavelet analysis. Wavelet analysis can provide frequency information about the signal at domains localized in time. The cable was also modelled by finite differences method and the wavelet resolution level coefficients, similar to those of the measurement analysis, were calculated as well.