Optimizing HLA matching in a highly sensitized pediatric patient using ABO-incompatible and paired exchange kidney transplantation

Background Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease. However, since pediatric patients have long projected life-years, it is also optimal for them to get well-matched transplants to minimize long-term sensitization. In North America, pediatric kidney transplantation is largely dependent upon the use of deceased donor organs, making it challenging to identify timely, well-matched transplants. Pediatric recipients may have willing living donors who are either HLA- or ABO-incompatible (ABOi); therefore, one solution is to utilize ABOi transplants and paired exchange programs to enhance HLA matching and living donation. Case-diagnosis/treatment We adopted this approach for a highly sensitized patient with cPRA 90 %, who received a successful ABOi paired exchange transplant. The recipient received pre-transplant immunomodulation until an acceptable isohemagglutinin titer <1:8 was reached before transplantation. The patient was induced with anti-thymocyte globulin and maintained on steroid-based triple immunosuppression. Eighteen-month allograft function is excellent with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 83.53 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . The patient did not develop de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies or have any episodes of acute rejection Conclusions This case highlights the safety and efficacy of using paired exchange in combination with ABOi transplants in pediatric kidney transplantation to optimize HLA matching, minimize wait times, and enhance allograft survival.