Trilinearity deviation ratio: A new metric for chemometric analysis of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry data.

•The percent error for PARAFAC with temperature programmed GC×GC–TOFMS is studied.•The percent error depends on the trilinearity deviation ratio (TDR) and modulation ratio (MR).•TDR is the second dimension retention time shift normalized by second dimension peak width.•Low modulation periods of 1–2s produce trilinear data with low percent error from PARAFAC quantification.