Use of histopathology, PCR and in situ hybridization methods to detect the parasite Mikrocytos sp. in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas from the northern coast of the Yellow Sea, China

Mikrocytos mackini is the etiological agent of Denman Island disease, which causes significant mortalities in commercially important bivalve species, including the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. A close relative of M. mackini, Mikrocytos sp., was recently detected in oysters imported into France from Canada. In this study, we examined Pacific oysters from the northern coast of the Yellow Sea, China. Of the one hundred samples examined histologically, a microcell parasite was found in the tissues of four oysters. To identify whether the parasite was Mikrocytos sp., DNA was extracted from the oysters and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were performed with primers (Mikrocytos-F and Mikrocytos-R), which yielded the expected 522 bp fragment. DNA sequencing of these products confirmed that they were identical to the corresponding 18S region of Mikrocytos sp. (100%) and had close similarity to M. mackini (89%). In situ hybridization (ISH) also was performed in this study, and the primer pair MM-like (CCTGTCCTATGTCGGGCAGG) hybridized with the Pacific oyster parasite. This is the first report of Mikrocytos sp. in the Pacific oyster from the coast of China. Although this study suggests a low prevalence of the parasite in China, its potential threat to aquaculture should be considered.