Study on the Radiation Problem Caused by Electron Beam Loss in Accelerator Tubes

The beam dynamic code PARMELA was used to simulate the transportation process of accelerating electrons in S-band SW linacs with different energies of 2.5,6 and 20 MeV.The results indicated that in the ideal condition,the percentage of electron beam loss was 50% in accelerator tubes.Also we calculated the spectrum,the location and angular distribution of the lost electrons.Calculation performed by Monte Carlo code MCNP demonstrated that the radiation distribution of lost electrons was nearly uniform along the tube axis,the angular distributions of the radiation dose rates of the three tubes were similar,and the highest leaking dose was at the angle of 160°with respect to the axis.The lower the energy of the accelerator,the higher the radiation relative leakage.For the 2.5 MeV accelerator,the maximum dose rate reached 5% of the main dose and the one on the head of the electron gun was 1%,both of which did not meet the eligible protection requirement for accelerators.We adopted different shielding designs for different accelerators.The simulated result showed that the shielded radiation leaking dose rates fulfilled the requirement.