Review, intelligence and development of rare earths during biological evolution

The relationship between organism and rare earth elements (REE) viewed from evolution was discussed. Some metal ions play key roles in biological functions, however, as the illustration in this article shows, with powerful affinities for oxygen and similar radius, REE can display equally or even more important functions in terms of its biological functions. These attractive characteristics have called more public attention and lead to many applications in agriculture, medicine fields, etc. Furthermore, the article employed the concept of entropy to discuss the dosage effect of REE on organism and the possibility whether REE can become a portion of organism during the evolution.