Effect of incomplete thermal cycle on transformation behavior of deformed TiNi thin film

Compared with the undeformed TiNi film, the martensite-austenite transformation (M-A) of the deformed one is elevated to a higher temperature on the first heating, but it nearly returns back to the original temperature on the second heating. An incomplete M-A transformation of the deformed TiNi film on the first heating divides the total martensite population into the self-accommodating martensite M2 and the oriented martensite M1. Thus, two transformations corresponding to M1-A and M2-A transition occur on the second heating. However, the forward transformation is not affected by the incomplete thermal cycle.