Nicotine-induced chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in vitro

Purpose Nicotine has been reported that it has a dose-dependent effect on matrix mineralization by human bone marrow cells. However, there is no relevant research concerning on chondrogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with nicotine in vitro. The aims of the study were to examine the effects of nicotine (0, 10 −7 , 10 −6 and 10 −5 M) on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs from three healthy donors in vitro. Methods BMSCs proliferation was analyzed by CCK8 assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, type I collagen and type X collagen. The proteoglycan content was stained by Alcian blue, and the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of BMSCs was quantified spectrofluorometrically using dimethylmethylene blue. Results The cell viability was not significantly impaired until up to a concentration of 10 −5 M nicotine. Nicotine promoted the proliferation and enhanced the expression of type II collagen at the level up to 10 −6 M ( P < 0.05). The expression of aggrecan was reduced at the concentration of 10 −5 M nicotine at day 14 ( P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in aggrecan gene expression at 10 −7 and 10 −6 M nicotine levels compared to control group (n.s.). Also the fibroblastic and hypertrophic gene expressions were down-regulated in the chondrogenic medium with 10 −7 –10 −5 M nicotine ( P < 0.05). Conclusion It was implied that local application of nicotine at an appropriate concentration may be a promising approach for enhancing chondrogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs in cell-based cartilage tissue engineering. Also these results indicate that nicotine maybe a potentially useful drug for the treatment of Osteoarthritis.