Impact of diabetes, high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol on risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease varies by LDL cholesterol level: a 15-year follow-up of the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study.

A large proportion of ischemic cardiovascular disease occur in people without hypercholesterolemia. We aimed to investigate whether risk factors other than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have different impacts on cardiovascular risk in people with low verses high LDL-C levels.A total of 30,378 participants (35-64 years) were followed for 15 years in the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study. Associations of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke with risk factors other than LDL-C were assessed in participants with low (<130 mg/dL) and high (≥130 mg/dL) LDL-C levels.During the follow-up, 65.5% of CHD and 70.2% of ischemic stroke events occurred in participants with low LDL-C. High triglycerides predicted CHD (HR=1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.42, P=0.001), and low HDL-C predicted ischemic stroke (HR=1.54, 95% CI 1.18-2.03, P=0.002) only in participants with low LDL-C. Diabetes predicted CHD in participants with high LDL-C (HR=2.38, 95% CI 1.31-4.34, P=0.005), but not in those with low LDL-C. Older age, male, hypertension, central obesity, and smoking had similar effects on the risk in both groups.Triglycerides and low HDL-C should be addressed in the management of dyslipidemia in people with low LDL-C. When LDL-C is high, tighter management of glycemia and LDL-C is warranted.