Synthesized OVA 323-339 MAP octamers mitigate OVA-induced airway inflammation by regulating Foxp3 T regulatory cells

Background Antigen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been widely practiced in treating allergic diseases such as asthma. However, this therapy may induce a series of allergic adverse events during treatment. Peptide immunotherapy (PIT) was explored to overcome these disadvantages. We confirmed that multiple antigen peptides (MAPs) do not cause autoimmune responses, which led to the presumption that MAPs intervention could alleviate allergic airway inflammation without inducing adverse effects. Results In this study, synthesized OVA 323-339 MAP octamers were subcutaneously injected into ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged Balb/c mice to observe its effect on allergic airway inflammation, Th2 immune response , and immune regulating function. It was confirmed that OVA sensitization and challenge led to significant peritracheal inflammatory , cell infiltration , and intensive Th2 response. Treatment of OVA 323-339 MAP octomers in the airway inflammation mice model increased CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T regulatory (Treg) cells and their regulatory function in peripheral blood, mediastinal draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. Furthermore, OVA 323-339 MAP increased IL-10 levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF); up-regulated the expression of IL-10, membrane-bound TGF-β1, as well as Foxp3 in lung tissues; and up-regulated programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on the surface of Treg cells. These results were further correlated with the decreased OVA specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level and the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF. However, OVA 323-339 peptide monomers did not show any of the mentioned effects in the same animal model. Conclusions Our study indicates that OVA 323-339 MAP had significant therapeutic effects on mice allergic airway inflammation by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 response through Treg cells in vivo .