Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at 
TeV with ALICE at LHC
K. Aamodt,N. Abel,U. Abeysekara,A. Abrahantes Quintana,A. Abramyan,D. Adamová,M. M. Aggarwal,G. Aglieri Rinella,A. G. Agocs,S. Aguilar Salazar, Z. Ahammed, A. Ahmad,N. Ahmad,S. U. Ahn,R. Akimoto,A. Akindinov,D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro,R. Alfaro Molina,A. Alici,E. Almaráz Aviña, J. Alme,T. Alt,V. Altini,S. Altinpinar,C. Andrei, A. Andronic,G. Anelli,V. Angelov,C. Anson,T. Antičić,F. Antinori,S. Antinori,K. Antipin,D. Antończyk, P. Antonioli,A. Anzo,L. Aphecetche,H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli,R. Arceo,A. Arend,N. Armesto,R. Arnaldi, T. Aronsson,I. C. Arsene,A. Asryan, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, T. C. Awes, J. Äystö,M. D. Azmi,S. Bablok,M. Bach,A. Badalà,Y. W. Baek,S. Bagnasco,R. Bailhache,R. Bala, A. Baldisseri,A. Baldit,J. Bán,R. Barbera,G. G. Barnaföldi,L. Barnby,V. Barret,J. Bartke,F. Barile, M. Basile,V. Basmanov,N. Bastid,B. Bathen,G. Batigne,B. Batyunya,C. Bombonati,I. G. Bearden,B. Becker,I. Belikov,R. Bellwied,E. Belmont-Moreno,A. Belogianni,L. Benhabib,S. Beole,I. Berceanu,A. Bercuci,E. Berdermann,Y. Berdnikov, L. Betev,A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati,L. Bianchi,N. Bianchi,C. Bianchin,J. Bielčík,J. Bielčíková,A. Bilandzic,L. Bimbot,E. Biolcati,A. Blanc,F. Blanco,D. Blau,C. Blume,M. Boccioli,N. Bock,A. Bogdanov,H. Bøggild,M. Bogolyubsky,J. Bohm,L. Boldizsár,M. Bombara, C. Bombonati,M. Bondila,H. Borel,A. Borisov,C. Bortolin, S. Bose,L. Bosisio,F. Bossú, M. Botje,S. Böttger,G. Bourdaud,B. Boyer,M. Braun,P. Braun-Munzinger,L. Bravina,M. Bregant,T. Breitner,G. Bruckner,R. Brun,E. Bruna,G. E. Bruno,D. Budnikov,H. Buesching,P. Buncic, O. Busch,Z. Buthelezi,D. Caffarri,X. Cai,H. Caines,E. Camacho,P. Camerini,M. Campbell,V. Canoa Roman,G. P. Capitani,G. Cara Romeo,F. Carena,W. Carena,F. Carminati,A. Casanova Díaz,M. Caselle,J. Castillo Castellanos,J. F. Castillo Hernandez,V. Catanescu,E. Cattaruzza,C. Cavicchioli,P. Cerello,V. Chambert,B. Chang,S. Chapeland,A. Charpy,J. L. Charvet,S. Chattopadhyay, M. Cherney,C. Cheshkov,B. Cheynis, E. Chiavassa,V. Chibante Barroso,D. D. Chinellato, P. Chochula,K. Choi,M. Chojnacki,P. Christakoglou,C. H. Christensen,P. Christiansen,T. Chujo,F. Chuman,C. Cicalo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo,J. Cleymans,O. Cobanoglu,J.-P. Coffin,S. Coli,A. Colla,G. Conesa Balbastre,Z. Conesa del Valle,E. S. Conner,P. Constantin,G. Contin,J. G. Contreras,Y. Corrales Morales, T. M. Cormier,P. Cortese,I. Cortés Maldonado,M. R. Cosentino,F. Costa,M. E. Cotallo,E. Crescio,P. Crochet,E. Cuautle,L. Cunqueiro,J. Cussonneau,A. Dainese,H. H. Dalsgaard,A. Danu,I. Das,A. Dash,S. Dash,G. O. V. de Barros,A. De Caro,G. de Cataldo,J. de Cuveland,A. De Falco,M. De Gaspari,J. de Groot,D. De Gruttola,N. De Marco,S. De Pasquale,R. De Remigis,R. de Rooij,G. de Vaux,H. Delagrange,G. Dellacasa,A. Deloff,V. Demanov,E. Dénes,A. Deppman,G. D’Erasmo,D. Derkach,A. Devaux,D. Di Bari,C. Di Giglio,S. Di Liberto,A. Di Mauro,P. Di Nezza,M. Dialinas,L. Díaz,R. Díaz, T. Dietel,R. Divià,Ø. Djuvsland,V. Dobretsov,A. Dobrin,T. Dobrowolski,B. Dönigus,I. Domínguez,D. M. M. Don,O. Dordic,A. K. Dubey,J. Dubuisson,L. Ducroux,P. Dupieux,A. K. Dutta Majumdar,M. R. Dutta Majumdar,D. Elia,D. Emschermann,A. Enokizono,B. Espagnon,M. Estienne, S. Esumi,D. Evans,S. Evrard,G. Eyyubova,C. W. Fabjan,D. Fabris,J. Faivre,D. Falchieri,A. Fantoni,M. Fasel,O. Fateev,R. Fearick,A. Fedunov,D. Fehlker,V. Fekete,D. Felea,B. Fenton-Olsen,G. Feofilov,A. Fernández Téllez,E. G. Ferreiro, A. Ferretti,R. Ferretti,M. A. S. Figueredo,S. Filchagin,R. Fini,F. M. Fionda,E. M. Fiore,M. Floris,Z. Fodor,S. Foertsch,P. Foka,S. Fokin,F. Formenti,E. Fragiacomo,M. Fragkiadakis,U. Frankenfeld,A. Frolov,U. Fuchs,F. Furano,C. Furget,M. Fusco Girard,J. J. Gaardhøje,S. Gadrat,M. Gagliardi,A. Gago,M. Gallio,P. Ganoti,M. S. Ganti,C. Garabatos,C. García Trapaga,J. Gebelein,R. Gemme,M. Germain, A. Gheata,M. Gheata,B. Ghidini,P. Ghosh,G. Giraudo,P. Giubellino,E. Gladysz-Dziadus,R. Glasow,P. Glässel,A. Glenn,R. Gómez Jiménez,H. González Santos,L. H. González-Trueba, P. González-Zamora,S. Gorbunov,Y. Gorbunov,S. Gotovac,H. Gottschlag, V. Grabski,R. Grajcarek,A. Grelli,A. Grigoras,C. Grigoras,V. Grigoriev,A. Grigoryan,S. Grigoryan,B. Grinyov,N. Grion,P. Gros,J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus,J.-Y. Grossiord,R. Grosso,F. Guber,R. Guernane,B. Guerzoni,K. Gulbrandsen,H. Gulkanyan,T. Gunji, A. Gupta, R. Gupta,H.-A. Gustafsson,H. Gutbrod,Ø. Haaland, C. Hadjidakis,M. Haiduc,H. Hamagaki,G. Hamar,J. Hamblen,B. H. Han, J. W. Harris,M. Hartig,A. Harutyunyan,D. Hasch,D. Hasegan,D. Hatzifotiadou,A. Hayrapetyan,M. Heide,M. Heinz,H. Helstrup,A. Herghelegiu,C. Hernández,G. Herrera Corral,N. Herrmann,K. F. Hetland,B. Hicks,A. Hiei,P. T. Hille,B. Hippolyte,T. Horaguchi,Y. Hori,P. Hristov,I. Hřivnáčová,S. Hu,M. Huang,S. Huber,T. J. Humanic,D. Hutter,D. S. Hwang,R. Ichou,R. Ilkaev,I. Ilkiv,M. Inaba,P. G. Innocenti,M. Ippolitov,M. Irfan,C. Ivan, A. Ivanov,M. Ivanov,V. Ivanov,T. Iwasaki,A. Jachołkowski, P. Jacobs,L. Jančurová,S. Jangal,R. Janik,C. Jena,S. Jena,L. Jirden,G. T. Jones, P. G. Jones,P. Jovanović, H. Jung,W. Jung,A. Jusko,A. B. Kaidalov,S. Kalcher,P. Kaliňák,M. Kalisky,T. Kalliokoski,A. Kalweit,A. Kamal,R. Kamermans,K. Kanaki,E. Kang, J. H. Kang,J. Kapitan,V. Kaplin,S. Kapusta,O. Karavichev,T. Karavicheva,E. Karpechev,A. Kazantsev,U. Kebschull,R. Keidel,M. M. Khan,S. A. Khan,A. Khanzadeev,Y. Kharlov,D. Kikola,B. Kileng,D. J. Kim, D. S. Kim,D. W. Kim,H. N. Kim,J. Kim,J. H. Kim,J. S. Kim,M. Kim, S. H. Kim,Y. Kim,S. Kirsch,I. Kisel,S. Kiselev,A. Kisiel,J. L. Klay,J. Klein,C. Klein-Bösing,M. Kliemant,A. Klovning,A. Kluge,M. L. Knichel,S. Kniege,K. Koch,R. Kolevatov,A. Kolojvari,V. Kondratiev,N. Kondratyeva,A. Konevskih,E. Kornaś,R. Kour,M. Kowalski,S. Kox,K. Kozlov,J. Kral,I. Králik,F. Kramer,I. Kraus,A. Kravčáková,T. Krawutschke,M. Krivda,D. Krumbhorn,M. Krus,E. Kryshen,M. Krzewicki,Y. Kucheriaev,C. Kuhn,P. G. Kuijer,L. Kumar,N. Kumar,R. Kupczak,P. Kurashvili,A. Kurepin,A. N. Kurepin,A. Kuryakin,S. Kushpil,V. Kushpil,M. Kutouski,H. Kvaerno,M. J. Kweon,Y. Kwon,P. La Rocca,F. Lackner,P. Ladrón de Guevara,V. Lafage,C. Lal,C. Lara,D. T. Larsen,G. Laurenti,C. Lazzeroni,Y. Le Bornec,N. Le Bris,H. Lee,K. S. Lee, S. C. Lee,F. Lefèvre,M. Lenhardt,L. Leistam,J. Lehnert,V. Lenti,H. León,I. León Monzón,H. León Vargas,P. Lévai,X. Li, Y. Li,R. Lietava,S. Lindal,V. Lindenstruth,C. Lippmann,M. A. Lisa,L. Liu,V. Loginov,S. Lohn,X. Lopez,M. López Noriega,R. López-Ramírez,E. López Torres,G. Løvhøiden,A. Lozea Feijo Soares,S. Lu,M. Lunardon,G. Luparello,L. Luquin,J.-R. Lutz,K. Ma,R. Ma,D. M. Madagodahettige-Don,A. Maevskaya,M. Mager,D. P. Mahapatra,A. Maire,I. Makhlyueva,D. Mal’Kevich,M. Malaev,K. J. Malagalage,I. Maldonado Cervantes,M. Malek,T. Malkiewicz,P. Malzacher,A. Mamonov,L. Manceau,L. Mangotra,V. Manko,F. Manso,V. Manzari,Y. Mao, J. Mareš,G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti,A. Marín,I. Martashvili,P. Martinengo,M. I. Martínez Hernández,A. Martínez Davalos,G. Martínez García,Y. Maruyama,A. Marzari Chiesa,S. Masciocchi,M. Masera,M. Masetti, A. Masoni,L. Massacrier,M. Mastromarco,A. Mastroserio,Z. L. Matthews,A. Matyja,D. Mayani,G. Mazza,M. A. Mazzoni,F. Meddi,A. Menchaca-Rocha,P. Mendez Lorenzo,M. Meoni,J. Mercado Pérez,P. Mereu, Y. Miake,A. Michalon,N. Miftakhov,J. Milosevic,F. Minafra,A. Mischke,D. Miśkowiec,C. Mitu,K. Mizoguchi,J. Mlynarz,B. Mohanty,L. Molnar,M. M. Mondal,L. Montaño Zetina,M. Monteno,E. Montes,M. Morando,S. Moretto,A. Morsch,T. Moukhanova, V. Muccifora,E. Mudnic,S. Muhuri,H. Müller, M. G. Munhoz,J. Munoz,L. Musa,A. Musso,B. K. Nandi, R. Nania,E. Nappi,F. Navach,S. Navin,T. K. Nayak,S. Nazarenko,G. Nazarov,A. Nedosekin,F. Nendaz,J. Newby,A. Nianine,M. Nicassio,B. S. Nielsen,S. Nikolaev,V. Nikolic,S. Nikulin,V. Nikulin,B. S. Nilsen,M. S. Nilsson,F. Noferini,P. Nomokonov,G. Nooren,N. Novitzky,A. Nyatha,C. Nygaard,A. Nyiri, J. Nystrand,A. Ochirov,G. Odyniec,H. Oeschler,M. Oinonen,K. Okada,Y. Okada,M. Oldenburg,J. Oleniacz,C. Oppedisano,F. Orsini,A. Ortiz Velasquez,G. Ortona,A. Oskarsson,F. Osmic,L. Österman,P. Ostrowski,I. Otterlund,J. 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EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C（2010）
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摘要
The pseudorapidity density and multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV, were measured in the central pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1. Comparisons are made with previous measurements at root s = 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV. At root s = 7 TeV, for events with at least one charged particle in |eta vertical bar| < 1, we obtain dN(ch)/d eta = 6.01 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.12)(+0.20) (syst.). This corresponds to an increase of 57.6%+/-0.4%(stat.)(-1.8%)(+3.6) (syst.) relative to collisions at 0.9 TeV, significantly higher than calculations from commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution at 7 TeV is described fairly well by the negative binomial distribution.
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