Peer-To-Peer Topology Formation Using Random Walk

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems such as live video streaming and content sharing are usually composed of a huge number of users with heterogeneous capacities. As a result, designing a distributed algorithm to form such a giant-scale topology in a heterogeneous environment is a challenging question because, on the one hand, the algorithm should exploit the heterogeneity of users' capacities to achieve load-balancing and, on the other hand, the overhead of the algorithm should be kept as low as possible. To meet such requirements, we introduce a very simple protocol for building heterogeneous unstructured P2P networks. The basic idea behind our protocol is to exploit a simple, distributed nature of random walk sampling to assist the peers in selecting their suitable neighbors in terms of capacity and connectivity to achieve load-balancing. To gain more insights into our proposed protocol, we also develop a detailed analysis to investigate our protocol under any heterogeneous P2P environment. The analytical results are validated by the simulations. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to stimulate further research to explore the fundamental issues in heterogeneous P2P networks.