Integrity for the In-flight web page based on a fragile watermarking chain scheme

ABSTRACTIn recent years, it has been found that middle modifications and attacks widely exist when web pages are transferred from a web server to a user via HTTP. And the reason is that HTTP does not guarantee the integrity of network traffic. This paper presents a protocol which enforces integrity protection in web page against the so called In-flight page change by using a novel fragile watermarking chain scheme. The protocol not only can have a better performance than HTTPS by supporting the web cache technology, but also save the communication bandwidth and storage space of the web server. Furthermore, it can locate the unauthorized modification of HTML code more precisely than existing solutions.