Small compound - big colors: synthesis and structural investigation of brightly colored alkaline earth metal 1,3-dimethylviolurates

A series of brightly colored alkaline earth metal 1,3-dimethylviolurates M(Me(2)Vio)(2) have been prepared and fully characterized. The title compounds AE(Me(2)Vio)(2)center dot nH(2)O (AE = Mg, n = 6 (3); AE = Ca, n = 8 (4), AE = Sr, n = 6 (5); AE = Ba, n = 4 (6)) were obtained by neutralizing 1,3-dimethylvioluric acid monohydrate (=H(Me(2)Vio)center dot H2O; 2) with 0.5 equiv. of the corresponding metal dihydroxides AE(OH)(2). The hair-like appearance of the Sr derivative 5 prevented the growth of single-crystals. This problem could be solved by crystallizing the crown ether derivative Sr(Me(2)Vio)(2)(18-crown-6) (5a). The isolated salts exhibit intense colors ranging from red to purple. Various attempts to prepare the beryllium derivative Be(Me(2)Vio)(2) failed. Instead, work-up of the reaction mixtures provided pink crystals of a new modification of 2 formulated as [H3O][Me(2)Vio] (2b) as shown by an X-ray diffraction study. An unexpected oxidation reaction of the barium salt Ba(Me(2)Vio)(2) led to formation of the novel mixed-anion salt Ba(Me(2)Vio)(Me(2)NO(2)Barb)center dot 2H(2)O (8, Me(2)NO(2)Barb- = 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrobarbiturate anion). Compound 8 could also be synthesized deliberately by treatment of Ba(OH)(2) with a 1 : 1 mixture of 2 and 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrobarbituric acid (7, =H(Me(2)NO(2)Barb)center dot H2O). All new compounds were fully characterized by their IR, Raman, NMR (H-1, C-13{H-1}) and UV-vis spectra as well as elemental analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the solid-state structures of compounds 3, 4, 5a and 6 are governed by the typical coordination behavior of the alkaline-earth metals, i.e. increasing coordination numbers and a decreasing degree of hydration when going from Mg to Ba. The dimensions of the structures range from hydrogen-bonded ions (3) over monomeric, neutral complex molecules (4, 5a), to polymeric networks (6). The successful isolation of the mixed-anion barium salt 8 adds a new facet to the coordination chemistry of violurate and related ligands.