Inhibition In A Microgravity Environment Of The Recovery Of Escherichia Coli Cells Damaged By Heavy Ion Beams During The Nasda Iss Phase I Program Of Nasa Shuttle Mir Mission No. 6

We participated in a space experiment, part of the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) Phase I Space Radiation Environment Measurement Program, conducted during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Shuttle/Mir Mission No. 6 (S/MM-6) project. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of microgravity on the DNA repair processes of living organisms in the 'Realtime Radiation Monitoring Device III (RRMD III)' in orbit. Heavy ion beam radiation- or gamma-irradiation-damaged biological samples of Escherichia coli and the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans were prepared and placed in a biospecimen box, which was loaded into the RRMD III sensor unit of the Space Shuttle 'Atlantis'. Two identical sets of samples were left in the SPACEHAB'S Payload Processing Facility (SPPF) in Florida, USA, as a control. 'Atlantis' (flight No. STS-84) was launched from NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, USA, on May 15, 1997. The mission duration was 9.22 days. An astronaut activated the biological samples in the biospecimen box in the SPACEHAB during orbit in order to start repair of the DNA damaged by heavy ion beams or gamma-irradiation and the samples were incubated for 19 h 35 min at about 22 degrees C, the cabin temperature. The control specimens in the SPPF were subjected to the same treatment under terrestrial gravity. After 'Atlantis' returned to earth, we investigated cell recovery by comparing the repair of the radiation-damaged DNA of E. coli and D. radiodurans in the microgravity environment in space with that on Earth. The results indicated that the DNA repair process of E. coli, but not of D. radiodurans, cells was inhibited in a microgravity environment.