Dominant Frequency Guided Substrate Modification in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Introduction: Frequency mapping identifies localised sites of dominant frequency (DF) activity during atrial fibrillation (AF). Retrospective analysis has shown that ablation of high DF sites may slow/terminate AF in humans. Therefore this technique may be a useful strategy for electrogram based substrate modification. However, the efficacy of real-time DF guided ablation in permanent AF remains unknown.