High-dose (9 MU) long-term (60 weeks) alfa-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis patients infected with HCV genotype 1b

Summary Efficacy of standard regimens (e.g., 3–6 MU for 24 weeks) of alfa-IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C has been limited, particularly in patients with HCV/1b. To see if higher-dose longer term treatment is more effective, we tried a 9 MU 60-week regimen. HCV/1b-infected chronic hepatitis patients received 9 MU IFNα2a everyday but Sunday for 2 weeks and thrice a week for next 10 weeks, and 76 patients became HCV RNA-negative while 81 remained positive. The RNA-negative patients were then randomized to receive 3 MU (group I, n=37) or 9 MU (group II, n=39) for 48 weeks. Of the RNA-positive patients, only those with normal ALT received another 9 MU 48-week treatment (group III, n=45). Sustained responders (SR) were defined as those with negative RNA and normal ALT 6 months after the therapy. SR rates based on intent-to-treat principle did not differ significantly between groups I and II (30% vs 41%), but those based on the protocol-compatible cases showed a significant difference (32% vs 56%, p=0.034). SR rate in group III was significantly lower than those in group II. Adverse effects of IFN, developed more frequently in groups II and III than in group I, were mostly reversible. In conclusion, our results encourage 9 MU 60-week IFNα treatment in HCV/1b-infected patients with careful attention to adverse effects, and suggest that the treatment should be discontinued if HCV RNA does not disappear within 12 weeks.