Ionospheric structures correlated with Anatolian surface features

A UHF/VHF beacon receiver located in Helwan, Egypt, frequently observes structures in ΔTEC/Δt measurements (where TEC is total electron count), where the F region (300 km) intercept of the radio rays crosses the steep topographic gradients associated with the Anatolian Plateau. There are three classes of structures: bumps, ripples and waves. A bump is defines as a single spatial ΔTEC/Δt peak with ...