Tacrolimus toxicity in Rhesus monkey: model for clinical side effects

The urinary tract plays an important role in removing wastes and extra water in non-human primates and often demonstrates test article-related findings in nonclinical safety assessment studies. Furthermore, the urinary tract also displays multiple background findings, many of which are specific to non-human primates. This chapter discusses renal anatomy and the normal urinary system histology in non-human primates, particularly the features that are relevant to nonclinical safety assessment studies. The chapter also includes sections on common congenital, degenerative, inflammatory, miscellaneous and infectious diseases in the non-human primate urinary tract. The chapter concludes with a discussion of common toxicologic findings in the non-human primate urinary tract.