Prefrontal cortex inefficiency: Potential intermediate phenotype in schizophrenics and their siblings

To assist other eye movement investigators in the design and analysis of their studies.We examined basic saccadic eye movements and smooth pursuit in the horizontal and vertical directions with video-oculography in a group of 145 healthy subjects between 19 and 82 years of age.Gender and education level did not influence eye movement metrics. With age, the latency of leftward and vertical pro- and antisaccades increased (p < 0.001), velocity of upward prosaccades decreased (p < 0.001), gain of rightward and upward prosaccades diminished (p < 0.001), and the error rate of antisaccades increased (p < 0.001). Prosaccades and antisaccades were influenced by the direction of the target, resulting in a right/left and up/down asymmetry. The skewness of the saccade velocity profile was stable throughout the lifespan, and within the range of saccades analyzed in the present study, correlated with amplitude and duration only for antisaccades (p < 0.001).Some eye movement metrics must be separated by the direction of movement, others according to subject age, while others may be pooled.This study provides important information for new oculomotor laboratories concerning the constitution of subject groups and the analysis of eye movement metrics.