Micro- and Nanotechnology for Space Development: Current Involvements and Promising Possibilities

Micro- and nanotechnology (MNT) is a rapidly advancing field of research with applications to benefit nearly all facets of society. At present it is unclear what role micro- and nanotechnologies will play in the space sector as they continue to develop. The authors have surveyed the existing space applications of MNT, and from these applications three concept designs have evolved that include a MNT demonstrator, MNT applications to space suit design, and a MNT-based atmospheric probe for exploration. The three concept designs focus on specific systems for a spacecraft. The hierarchical approach of breaking a spacecraft down into systems and subsystems solidifies a methodology for investigating microsystems and nanotechnology as a means to reduce mass or increase capability within the larger system. MNT may reduce the cost of accessing and working in space, but may also lead to value added functions of existing space technologies irrespective of size and cost. This paper provides an appreciation of the wide number of potential and future applications these technologies can bring to the space community.