Measurement Of The Depth Of Maximum Of Extensive Air Showers Above 10(18) Ev
J. Abraham,P. Abreu,M. Aglietta,E. J. Ahn,D. Allard,I. Allekotte,J. Allen,J. Alvarez-Muniz,M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui,S. Andringa,T. Anticÿic ´,A. Anzalone,C. Aramo,E. Arganda,K. Arisaka,F. Arqueros,H. Asorey,P. Assis,J. Aublin, M. Ave,G. Avila,T. Backer,D. Badagnani, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber,A. F. Barbosa,S. L. C. Barroso,B. Baughman,P. Bauleo,J. J. Beatty,B. R. Becker,K. H. Becker,A. Belletoile,J. A. Bellido,C. Berat,T. Bergmann,P. L. Biermann,P. Billoir,O. Blanch-Bigas,F. Blanco,M. Blanco,C. Bleve,H. Blumer,D. Boncioli,C. Bonifazi,R. Bonino,N. Borodai,J. Brack,P. Brogueira,W. C. Brown,R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz,A. Bueno,N. G. Busca,K. S. Caballero-Mora,L. Caramete,R. Caruso,A. Castellina, O. Catalano,G. Cataldi,L. Cazon,J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa,J. A. Chinellato,A. Chou,J. Chudoba,R. W. Clay,E. Colombo,M. R. Coluccia,R. Conceicao,F. Contreras, H. Cook,M. J. Cooper,J. Coppens,A. Cordier,S. Coutu,C. E. Covault,A. Creusot,A. Criss,J. Cronin,A. Curutiu,S. Dagoret-Campagne,C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu,S. Dagoret-Campagne,R. Dallier,K. Daumiller,B. R. Dawson,R. M. de Almeida,M. De Domenico,C. De Donato,S. J. de Jong,G. De La Vega,W. J. M. de Mello Junior,J. R. T. de Mello Neto,I. De Mitri,V. de Souza,K. D. de Vries,G. Decerprit,L. del Peral,O. Deligny,A. Della Selva,C. Delle Fratte,H. Dembinski,C. Di Giulio,J. C. Diaz,M. L. Díaz Castro,P. N. Diep,C. Dobrigkeit,J. C. D’Olivo,P. N. Dong,A. Dorofeev,J. C. dos Anjos,M. T. Dova,D. D’Urso,I. Dutan,M. A. DuVernois,J. Ebr,R. Engel,M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar,A. Etchegoyen,P. Facal San Luis,H. Falcke,G. Farrar,A. C. Fauth,N. Fazzini,A. Ferrero,B. Fick,A. Filevich,A. Filipčič, I. Fleck,S. Fliescher,C. E. Fracchiolla,E. D. Fraenkel,U. Fröhlich,W. Fulgione,R. F. Gamarra,S. Gambetta,B. García,D. García Gámez,D. Garcia-Pinto,X. Garrido,G. Gelmini,H. Gemmeke,P. L. Ghia,U. Giaccari,M. Giller,H. Glass,L. M. Goggin,M. S. Gold,G. Golup,F. Gomez Albarracin,M. Gómez Berisso,P. Gonçalves,D. Gonzalez,J. G. 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PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS（2010）
引用 498|浏览96
摘要
We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X-max, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10(18) eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +/- 35-21) g/cm(2)/decade below 10(18.24) +/- (0.05) eV, and d24 +/- 3 g/cm(2)/ecade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm(2). The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.
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