Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord in Tetrapods: A Brief Outline
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell BiologyDevelopment and Regenerative Capacity of Descending Supraspinal Pathways in Tetrapods: A Comparative Approach(2000)
Abstract
Available experimental data on the cells of origin, funicular trajectory and site of termination of descending supraspinal
pathways in amphibians (ten Donkelaar et al. 1981; ten Donkelaar 1982; Tóth et al. 1985; Naujoks-Manteuffel and Manteuffel
1988), reptiles (ten Donkelaar et al. 1980; ten Donkelaar 1982), birds (Cabot et al. 1982; Gross and Oppenheim 1985; Webster
and Steeves 1988; Webster et al. 1990) and mammals (see Kuypers 1981 for review; for data in opossums see Martin et al. 1975;
Crutcher et al. 1978; Holst et al. 1991) show that throughout tetrapods a basic pattern in the organization of descending
pathways is present. The most notable difference between nonmammalian tetrapods and mammals is the apparent absence of somatomotor
cortical areas giving rise to long descending projections to the spinal cord.
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