Aspergillose nécrosante semi invasive chez un enfant de 14 ans atteint de mucoviscidose

Introduction Aspergillosis colonisation in cystic fibrosis (CF), usually due to Aspergillus fumigatus(AF), classically presents as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. However, aspergillus infection can produce a range of manifestations: from minor colonization to an invasive infection. Case report A 14-year-old CF patient, chronically colonized with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, presented with acute right-sided chest pain, a moderate fever and no modification of the sputum. The chest X-ray showed a 5 cm round opacity. Laboratory parameters were WBC 24,500 G/l, CRP 27 mg/l, Total IgE 1527 Ul/l, Specific Aspergillus fumigatus IgE 31 Ul/l. Bronchoscopy revealed external compression of the middle lobe bronchus with mucopurulent secretions coming from apical segment of the lower lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed the presence of pseudomonas aeruginosa 103 CFA/ml, staph aureus 107 CFA/ml and one colony of AF Chest CT scan showed a large necrotic mass with an air-fluid level located in the apical segment of the right lower lobe. Initial therapy with itraconazole and corticosteroid was replaced by voriconazole, caspofungin, metronidazole and linezolide. Treatment was well tolerated and after 8 weeks the chest X-ray appearances had returned to normal. Conclusions The possible diagnoses and therapeutic options are discussed. Conventional antifungal treatment with amphotericin B is limited by nephrotoxicity. These newer antifungal agents appear to be effective and well-tolerated.