The unified biosocial model of personality in schizophrenia families and controls.

This report describes the application of a unified biosocial model of personality developed by C.R. Cloninger to a sample of families identified through a proband with schizophrenia and a sample of controls. Families of schizophrenic patients were ascertained in USA and Austria. We could detect differences between females and males in their response to positive reinforcement (Reward Dependence) and differences between young and old people with respect to the response to new and/or exciting situations (Novelty Seeking). In general, results obtained for individuals from schizophrenia families and controls were similar. These results are not substantially influenced by psychiatric disorders in individuals. Psychiatric diagnosis may have an influence on the third dimension of Cloninger's model, designated Harm Avoidance. Analysis showed that patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or from the schizophrenia spectrum try harder to avoid punishment or aversive stimuli than family members with another psychiatric disorder or without a psychiatric diagnosis as well as controls. The results are promising and further research is needed to evaluate the structure of the proposed personality model in families and the relationship of personality to psychiatric status.