River and Human Legacies in Amazonian Floodplain Postagricultural Forests
The Amazon Várzea(2011)
摘要
Studies in postagricultural forests have suggested that the effect of land use overrides that of environmental factors in
defining the present forest composition. This study demonstrates that the effect of land use history in the composition of
postagricultural forests can be reduced by exposure to frequent disturbance. The study was undertaken in a rural landscape
of the Peruvian Amazon floodplain with a history of land use and periodic river disturbance. The history of land use for the
region was reconstructed using a set of remote sensing images dating from 1948. Trees above 2.5 cm DBH were identified and
measured in 46 plots of 600 m2 in postagricultural forests older than 10 years. For each plot, I measured its distance to other landscape features (river,
swamps, lowland forest, upland forests) and its elevation above sea level. In this region, elevation correlates to the probability
of a site being exposed to flooding. Correlations of the explanatory variables to a nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS)
ordination were used to evaluate the relative effect of elevation, distance to landscape features, and time since abandonment
in the canopy and understory composition of the plots. Correlations to the NMDS ordination show that both canopy and understory
species compositions are better explained by flood exposure for older plots. It also indicates that the distance to forest
patches affects the composition of postagricultural forests. In general, the results show that land use in the Amazonian floodplain
has not erased the natural environmental gradients of the landscape.
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关键词
disturbancehistorical ecologyperuresiliencetropical second- ary forests
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