Interactive simulation of dynamic crowd behaviors using general adaptation syndrome theory.

We propose a new technique to simulate dynamic patterns of crowd behaviors using stress modeling. Our model accounts for permanent, stable disposition and the dynamic nature of human behaviors that change in response to the situation. The resulting approach accounts for changes in behavior in response to external stressors based on well-known theories in psychology. We combine this model with recent techniques on personality modeling for multi-agent simulations to capture a wide variety of behavioral changes and stressors. The overall formulation allows different stressors, expressed as functions of space and time, including time pressure, positional stressors, area stressors and inter-personal stressors. This model can be used to simulate dynamic crowd behaviors at interactive rates, including walking at variable speeds, breaking lane-formation over time, and cutting through a normal flow. We also perform qualitative and quantitative comparisons between our simulation results and real-world observations.