Lower ionosphere at middle latitudes: its morphology and response to meteorological and solar-terrestrial activity during the DYANA campaign 1990

A large number of radio wave absorption, ƒmin, and IPHA data measured in Europe and East Asia are investigated over the DYANA campaign period (1 January–31 March 1990) from the point of view of their response to meteorological and solar/geomagnetic forcing, of winter anomaly, and of a brief description of the state of the lower ionosphere on rocket salvo days. European mid-latitudinal measurements of electron density are briefly mentioned.