Identification of bisprenylated benzoic acid derivatives from yerba santa (Eriodictyon ssp.) using sensory-guided fractionation.

Due to certain off-flavor problems and lacking bitter masking effects with Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon angustifolium and E californicum) extracts, which are also described as bitter, herbal, medicinal, phenolic, or astringent, methanolic extracts were fractionated and evaluated for their taste properties using a high temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC)-based approach. The taste-guided fractionation led to the identification of a series of novel bisprenylated benzoic acids (erionic acids A (1), B (2). C (3), D (4), E (5), and F (6) and eriolic acids A (7), B (8), C (9), and D (10), respectively), along with the known flavonoids eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, hesperetin, and chrysoeriol. The new compounds were isolated in larger amounts for characterization from Narrow Leaf Yerba Santa (E angustifolium) and California Yerba Santa (E californicum), respectively, using fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) and HTLC. The structures were elucidated using one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). For E californicum, data regarding seasonal and climatic variation of the eriolic acid contents and of the flavonoids were collected. The flavor properties of some of the isolated new compounds were evaluated; they showed strong off-flavor characteristics, such as bitter, astringent, phenolic, or woody, and may contribute to the sensory effects observed for crude Yerba Santa extracts. Erionic acid C (3) was not only able to increase the absolute bitterness but also to extinguish the bitter masking effect of homoeriodictyol in a caffeine solution.