Intermolecular aggregations are responsible for the slow kinetics observed in the folding of cytochrome c at neutral pH

Folding of equine cytochrome c at a low protein concentration (26 μM) eliminated a slow kinetic phase (time constant three seconds) that was observed in the previous hydrogen exchange pulse-labeling experiments at pH 6.2 and 10 °C. It was demonstrated that this slow folding phase was caused by intermolecular aggregations. Because heterogeneous kinetics is a very general feature in the folding of proteins characterized by pulsed hydrogen exchange coupled with two-dimensional NMR, our experimental results suggest aggregations might also be responsible for the complex folding kinetics of other proteins. This is possible since these experiments were performed at relatively high protein concentrations.